tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88889912303130408842024-02-21T17:58:52.901+07:00cosinestarsAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03401517701179146602noreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8888991230313040884.post-27750782681352876022012-08-22T20:02:00.001+07:002012-08-22T20:02:22.307+07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<img alt="cs1 picture gambar cs1 honda" height="194" src="http://www.artiku.com/pic/cs1_new.jpg" width="200" /></div>
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SPESIFIKASI HONDA CITY SPORT ONE</div>
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Berdasarkan info yang tertera di brosur Honda CS1, spesifikasi motor dijelaskan berikut ini :</div>
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Panjang x lebar x tinggi : 1.932 x 682 x 1.042 mm</div>
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Jarak sumbu roda : 1.251 mm</div>
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Jarak terendah ke tanah : 130 mm</div>
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Berat Kosong : 114 kg</div>
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Tipe rangka : Twin tube frame</div>
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Tipe suspensi depan : Teleskopik</div>
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Tipe suspensi belakang : Tunggal (Monoshock)</div>
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Ukuran ban depan : 70/90 – 17 M/C 38P</div>
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Ukuran ban belakang : 80/90 – 17 M/C 44P</div>
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Rem depan dan belakang : Cakram hidrolik, dengan piston ganda dan tunggal untuk bagian belakang</div>
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Kapasitas tangki bahan bakar : 4,1 liter</div>
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Tipe mesin : 4 langkah, OHC, pendinginan air</div>
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Sistem pendinginan : Radiator dengan kipas elektrik</div>
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Diameter x langkah : 58 x 47,2 mm</div>
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Volume langkah : 124,7 cc</div>
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Daya maksimum : 9,44 kW / 10.000 rpm</div>
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Torsi maksimum : 10,2 N.m / 7.500 rpm</div>
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Kopling : manual, multiplate wet clutch</div>
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Gigi transmisi : 5 kecepatan</div>
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Pola pengoperan gigi : 1-N-2-3-4-5</div>
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Starter : electrik & kick starter</div>
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Sistem pengapian : DC – CDI</div>
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<img alt="gambar mesin cs1 honda 125cc" border="0" height="250" src="http://www.artiku.com/pic/cs2_new.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;" width="320" /></div>
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jika diperhatikan honda tidak sembarangan ketika memilih sistem pendinginan mesin, bukan sembarang radiator, tapi radiator yang dilengkapi dengan kipas elektrik, sehingga tetap bisa menjaga suhu mesin meskipun dalam kondisi jalanan macet. untuk mesin honda memberikan garansi mesin 3 th atau 30.000 km. pilihan warna body cs1 untuk sementara tersedia dalam pilihan warna : cosmic black, lightning silver, burning red, dan hornet gold.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03401517701179146602noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8888991230313040884.post-58583365932075632282012-08-22T19:54:00.002+07:002012-08-22T19:54:33.409+07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><i><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 18.0pt;">SIFAT KOLIGATIF<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 18.0pt;">PADA RADIATOR COOLANT </span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 18.0pt;">(Pada motor/mobil/dsb)</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 18.0pt;">contoh :</span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 18.0pt;"><img height="320" src="http://segalagala.com/Photo/item/11_1_4-Photo.jpg" width="240" /></span></i></b></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Pada saat ini kehidupan sehari-hari manusia sangat sulit
dilepaskan dengan kendaraan bermotor atau mesin, penggunaan mesin langsung atau
tidak langsung selalu disertai dengan penggunaan bahan bakar, dari proses
pembakaran selalu saja disertai dengan pembebasan panas. Tidak semua panas
dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan energi yang diperlukan tetapi terbuang ke
lingkungan, karena panas yang berlebihan justru akan mengganggu kinerja mesin.
Agar kerja mesin tidak terganggu, dalam mesin terutama yang penggunaannya cukup
lama atau kendaraan bermotor selalu dipasar radiator. Fungsi Radiator adalah
untuk mentranformasikan panas mesin ke lingkungan agar kerja mesin tidak
terganggu atau rusak karena “over heat” atau kelebihan panas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Untuk kendaran berkapasitas kecil (isi silinder kecil)
biasanya dibawah 200 cc cukup menggunakan pendingin sirip atau “van colling”
yang terpasang pada sisi luar ruang pembakaran mesin kendaraan bermotor.
Radiator digunakan pada kendaraan yang memiliki kapasitas silinder yang cukup
besar dengan memberikan pipa atau saluran pada badan mesin sehingga cairan
pendingin dapat melewati dengan baik menggunakan bantuan pompa radiator.
Perangkat radiator terdiri dari saluran cairan pendingin masuk dan keluar
mesin, kipas pendingin yang dipasang didepan atau dibelakang sirip pendingin,
tangki cadangan cairan pendingin radiator dan cairan pendingin radiator. Cairan
pendingin pada radiator ini mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dalam
metransformasikan panas mesin kelingkungan, agar mesin dapat tetap bekerja pada
suhu yang optimal yang berdapak pada penghematan bahan bakar. Air sebenarnya
dapat digunakan sebagai cairan pendingin, namun air dengan titik didih 100oC
dan titik beku 0oC memerlukan perhatian dan pemeliharaan yang terlalu sering,
yang lebih berbahaya bila kendaraan atau mesin digunakan didaerah yang beriklim
cukup ekstrim baik dingin maupun panas. Pada saat cuaca sangat dingin air dalam
radiator akan membeku dan dapat mengakibatkan pecahnya pipa saluran radiator
serta mesin akan sangat sulit untuk di stater. Demikian pula pada iklim yang
ekstrim panas, air dalam radiator tidak akan dapat bertahan lama karena
mendidih dan tingkat penguapan yang tinggi sehingga akan capat habis bila tidak
terkontrol akan terjadi kerusakan kendaraan yang sangat fatal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dibuatlah cairan
pendingin pada radiator yang biasa dikenal dengan nama “Radiator Coolant”.
Radiator Coolant dibuat dengan mencampurkan cairan etilen glikol atau
1,2-etanadiol dengan aquadestilata dengan perbandingan tertentu tergantung pada
kebutuhan dan situasi/iklim dimana kendaraan bermotor atau mesin tersebut
digunakan. Pertanyaannya mengapa digunakan etilen glikol sebagai campuran
cairan pendingin radiator, mengapa pula harus dicampur dengan aquadestilata
(air murni).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">A. Sifat Koligatif Larutan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Larutan merupakan campuran homogen terdiri dari zat
pelarut dan zat terlarut, adanya zat terlarut akan mempengaruhi sifat fisik
larutan yang terjadi. Sifat fisik yang dipengaruhi oleh jumlah partikel zat
terlarut ialah , tekanan uap, kenaikan titik didih, penurunan titik beku dan
tekanan osmotik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Titik didih zat cair adalah suhu pada saat tekanan uap
jenuh zat cair sama dengan tekanan udara luar, sedangkan yang dimaksud dengan
titik beku larutan ialah suhu pada saat tekanan uap larutan sama dengan tekanan
uap pelarut padat murninya. Adanya zat terlarut dalam larutan akan mempengaruhi
besarnya tekanan uap larutan, karena zat terlarut akan menghalangi molekul
pelarut untuk dapat menguap yang berakibat pada penurunan tekanan uap larutan.
Penurunan tekanan uap ini akan berpengaruh pada perubahan titik didih dan
perubahan titik beku, dimana semakin banyak zat terlarut dalam larutan maka
perubahan yang terjadi akan semakin besar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Dari percobaan diketahui bahwa kenaikan titik didih dan
penurunan titik beku tidak bergantung pada jenis zat terlarut tetapi hanya
bergantung pada jumlah partikel zat terlarut atau konsentrasi larutan. Petrucci
H. Ralph (1987 : 69). Sesuai dengan hukum Roult bahwa besarnya kenaikan titik didih
dan penurunan titik beku larutan berbanding lurus dengan molalitas larutan:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Jadi perubahan jumlah partikel dalam larutan elektrolit adalah sebesar
{ 1 + (n-1) µ } atau disebut dengan faktor Van’t Hoff i = { 1 + (n-1) µ }</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">B. Etilen glikol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Etilen glikol (glikol) merupakan senyawa yang dapat
digolongkan sebagai polialkohol, berupa zat cair yang tidak berwarna, kental
dan berasa manis. Etilen glikol memiliki titik didih yang relatif tinggi 198oC
dan titik bekunya -11,5oC, mudah larut dalam air.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Reaksi Pembuatan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Etilen glikol dapat dibuat dengan mengoksidasi etilena
menggunakan katalisator perak, sehingga terbentuk etilen oksida. Etilen oksida
yang diperoleh dihidrolisis dalam lingkungan asam sehingga terbentuk etilen
glikol.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Etilen oksida etilen glikol.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Etilen glikol seperti halnya air dapat membentuk ikatan
hidrogen, maka etilen glikol dapat bercampur dengan air pada segala
perbandingan, campuran etilen glikol dalam air banyak digunakan sebagai cairan
anti beku pada kendaraan bermotor yang digunakan didaerah beriklim dingin atau
panas. Hart Harold ( 2007 : 238 )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Pembahasan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Air murni mendidih pada suhu 100oC dengan dicampurkan
etilen glikol maka sesuai hukum Roult titik didih campuran yang terjadi akan
meningkat sesuai dengan perbandingan atau molalitas campuran yang dibuat dan
disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan penggunaannya. Demikian pula mengenai titik beku
larutan yang terjadi akan turun sesuai dengan jumlah etilen glikol yang
dicampurkan ke dalam air karena etilen glikol membeku pada suhu -11,5oC.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Sebagai contoh Larutan pendingin radiator dibuat dengan
kadar 40% larutan glikol dalam air, dengan menggunakan hukum Roult dapat
diperkirakan titik didh dan titik beku larutan yang terjadi bila diketahui Kb
air = 0,52 oC/molal dan Kf air = 1,86 oC/molal.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Bila dibuat 100 gram larutan pendingin maka massa glikol (Mr = 62)
adalah 40 gram dan massa air = 60 gram, maka molalitas larutan pendingin yang
terjadi :</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Molalitas larutan = 40/62 x
1000/60 molal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Kenaikan titik didih larutan =
0,52 x 40/62 x 1000/60 oC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">= 5,59 oC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Titik didih larutan yang terjadi =
105,59oC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Ikatan hidrogen yang terjadi antara molekul air dengan
molekul etilen glikol sangat berperan dalam meninggkatkan titik didih
campurannya. Jumlah etilen glikol yang ada dalam larutan akan sangat menurunkan
tekanan uap larutan yang terjadi, hal ini selain disebabkan oleh adanya ikatan
hidrogen antara molekul air dan molekul etilen glikol, secara kuatitatif
molekul etilen glikol akan menghalangi proses penguapan pelarut air, sehingga
titik didih larutan akan meningkat.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Pada penggunaannya radiator coolant dipertimbangkan
kemampuan mengoksidasi atau daya oksidasi dari logam yang digunakan dalam
mesin, untuk kendaraan bermotor/ mesin digunakan logam aluminium, sedangkan
bahan radiator atau sel pendingin untuk kendaraan sebelum tahun 2000 digunakan
logam tembaga sedangkan untuk kendaraan tahun 2000 keatas telah digunakan
aluminium. Maka dalam pengguaannya sering ditambahkan garam yang dapat menjaga
tingkat keasaman dengan pH kurang lebih = 7, dengan demikian akan terbebas dari
sifat korosi dari dalam mesin.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Pada merk dagang Prestone berisi : Water, ethylene glycol,
diethylene glycol, Sodium 2-ethylhexanoate dan Sodium neodecanoate dengan
formulasi ini diperoleh titik beku dan titik didh sebagai berikut :</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">IV. Kesimpulan<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span></span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: Chiller; font-size: 16.0pt;">Sifat Koligatif larutan terutama kenaikan titik didih dan
penurunan titik beku dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pembuatan Radiator Coolant yang
tahan lama dan dapat meningkatkan perfomace mesin kendaraan bermotor.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03401517701179146602noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8888991230313040884.post-43349559003300906222012-08-22T12:59:00.000+07:002012-08-22T12:59:40.931+07:00PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN NaCl PADA PEMBUATAN ES KRIM<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Comic Book';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 21px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A. Sifat
Koligatif Larutan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Larutan
merupakan campuran homogen antara dua atau lebih zat. Adanya interaksi antara
zat terlarut dan pelarut dapat berakibat terjadinya perubahan sifat fisis dari
komponen-komponen penyusun larutan tersebut. Salah satu sifat yang diakibatkan
oleh adanya interaksi antara zat terlarut dengan pelarut adalah sifat koligatif
larutan. Sifat koligatif larutan adalah sifat larutan yang hanya dipengaruhi
oleh jumlah partikel zat terlarut di dalam larutan, dan tidak dipengaruhi oleh
sifat dari zat terlarut.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hukum
Raoult merupakan dasar bagi empat sifat larutan encer yang disebut sifat
koligatif ( dari bahasa latin colligare, yang berarti </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mengumpul
bersama</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)
sebab sifat-sifat itu tergantung pada efek kolektif jumlah partikel terlarut,
bukannya pada sifat partikel yang terlibat. Keempat sifat itu ialah :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Penurunan
tekanan uap larutan relatif terhadap tekanan uap pelarut murni</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Peningkatan
titik didih</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Penurunan
titik beku</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. Gejala
tekanan osmotik (Oxtoby, David W : 2004 , 166)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B. Penurunan
Titik Beku Larutan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses
pembekuan suatu zat cair terjadi bila suhu diturunkan, sehingga jarak
antarpartikel sedemikian dekat satu sama lain dan akhirnya bekerja gaya tarik
menarik antarmolekul yang sangat kuat. Adanya partikel-partikel dari zat
terlarut akan mengakibatkan proses pergerakan molekul-molekul pelarut
terhalang, akibatnya untuk dapat lebih mendekatkan jarak antarmolekul
diperlukan suhu yang lebih rendah. Jadi titik beku larutan akan lebih rendah
daripada titik beku pelarut murninya. Perbedaan titik beku akibat adanya
partikel-partikel zat terlarut disebut penurunan titik beku (?Tf). Penurunan
titik beku larutan sebanding dengan hasil kali molalitas larutan dengan tetapan
penurunan titik beku pelarut (Kf), dinyatakan dengan persamaan :</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">?Tf = Kf m
atau ?Tf = Kf (n x 1000/p)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dimana :</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">?Tf =
penurunan titik beku</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kf = tetapan
penurunan titik beku molal</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">n = jumlah mol
zat terlarut</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">p = massa
pelarut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Titik
beku larutan merupakan titik beku pelarut murni dikurangi dengan penurunan
titik bekunya atau Tf = Tfo - ?Tf. (Sudarmo, Unggul:2007,13)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C. Penyebab
dan Definisi Penurunan Titik Beku Larutan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apakah
yang dimaksud dengan penurunan titik beku? Air murni membeku pada suhu 0oC,
dengan adanya zat terlarut misalnya saja di tambahkan gula ke dalam air
tersebut maka titik beku larutan ini tidak akan sama dengan 0oC, melainkan akan
turun dibawah 0oC, inilah yang dimaksud sebagai </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">penurunan
titik beku</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">”</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jadi
larutan akan memiliki titik beku yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pelarut
murninya. Sebagai contoh larutan garam dalam air akan memiliki titik beku yang
lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pelarut murninya yaitu air, atau larutan fenol
dalam alkohol akan memiliki titik beku yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan
pelarut murninya yaitu alkohol.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengapa
hal ini terjadi? Apakah zat terlarut menahan pelarut agar tidak membeku?
Penjelasan mengapa hal ini terjadi lebih mudah apabila dijelaskan dari sudut
pandang termodinamik sebagai berikut.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh,<span> </span>air murni pada suhu 0oC. Pada suhu ini air
berada pada<span> </span>kesetimbangan antara fasa
cair dan fasa padat.<span> </span>Artinya kecepatan
air berubah wujud dari cair ke padat atau sebaliknya adalah sama, sehingga bisa
dikatakan fasa cair dan fasa padat pada kondisi ini memiliki<span> </span>potensial kimia yang sama, atau dengan kata
lain tingkat energi kedua fasa adalah sama.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Besarnya
potensial kimia dipengaruhi oleh temperatur, jadi pada suhu tertentu potensial
kimia fasa padat atau fasa cair akan lebih rendah daripada yag lain, fasa yang
memiliki potensial kimia yang lebih rendah secara energi lebih disukai,
misalnya pada suhu 2oC fasa cair memiliki potensial kimia yang lebih rendah
dibanding fasa padat sehingga pada suhu ini maka air cenderung berada pada fasa
cair, sebaliknya pada suhu -1oC fasa padat memiliki potensial kimia yang lebih
rendah sehingga pada suhu ini air cenderung berada pada fasa padat.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apabila
ke dalam air murni kita larutkan garam dan kemudian suhunya kita turunkan sedikit
demi sedikit, maka dengan berjalannya waktu pendinginan maka perlahan-lahan
sebagian larutan akan berubah menjadi fasa padat hingga pada suhu tertentu akan
berubah menjadi fasa padat secara keseluruhan. Pada umumnya zat terlarut lebih
suka berada pada fasa cair dibandingkan dengan fasa padat, akibatnya pada saat
proses pendinginan berlangsung larutan akan mempertahankan fasanya dalam
keadaan cair, sebab secara energi larutan lebih suka berada pada fasa cair
dibandingkan dengan fasa padat, hal ini menyebabkan potensial kimia pelarut
dalam fasa cair akan lebih rendah (turun) sedangkan potesnsial kimia pelarut
dalam fasa padat tidak terpengaruh. Maka akan lebih banyak energi yang
diperlukan untuk mengubah larutan menjadi fasa padat karena titik bekunya menjadi
lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pelarut murninya. Inilah sebab mengapa adanya
zat terlarut akan menurunkan titk beku larutannya. Rumus untuk mencari
penurunan titik beku larutan adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">rTf = Kf . m.
i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keterangan:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> delta Tf =
Penuruan titik beku</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> m = molalitas
larutan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Kf = Tetapan
konstantat titik beku larutan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jangan
lupa untuk menambahkan faktor van hoff pada rumus diatas apabila larutan yang
ditanyakan adalah larutan elektrolit.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh soal :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Tentukan
titik beku larutan yang terjadi jika 9 gram glukosa dan 5,85 gram NaCl
dilarutkan dalam 200 gram air Kf air = 1,86oC/m?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(Mr glukosa =
180 dan Mr NaCl = 58,5)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jawab :</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">?Tf larutan =
?Tf glukosa + ?Tf NaCl</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">= (Kf x m
glukosa + Kf x m x i )</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">= (1,86 x
9gr/180 x 1000/200gr + 1,86 x 5,85 gr/58,5 x 1000/200gr x 2)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">= (0,465 +
1,86)0C = 2,3250C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jadi titik
beku larutan yang terjadi adalah -2,3250C.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">D. Penerapan
Penurunan Titik Beku Larutan Dalam Pembuatan es krim</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bagaimana es
krim dibuat?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adonan
es krim ditempatkan dalam bejana yang terendam es batu dan air yang telah
diberi garam dapur sambil diputar-putar untuk memperoleh suhu yang lebih rendah
dari 00C. Proses tersebut mengakibatkan adonan es krim membeku dengan titik
beku es beberapa derajat di bawah dibawah titik beku air murni. Hal ini terjadi
karena proses perpindahan kalor dari adonan es krim ke dalam campuran es batu,
air, dan garam dapur.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Temperatur
normal campuran es dan air adalah 00C. Akan tetapi itu tidak cukup dingin untuk
membekukan es krim. Temperatur yang diperlukan untuk membekukan es krim adalah
-3 oC atau lebih rendah. Untuk mencapai suhu tersebut perlu ditambahkan garam
dalam proses pembuatan es krim. Sebenarnya banyak bahan kimia lain yang dapat
digunakan tetapi garam relatif murah. Garam berfungsi menurunkan titik beku
larutan. Ketika es dicampur dengan garam, es mencair dan terlarut membentuk air
garam serta menurunkan temperaturnya. Proses ini memerlukan panas dari luar.
Campuran itu mendapatkan panas dari adonan es krim maka hasilnya adalah es krim
padat dan lezat seperti yang diinginkan.(Susilowati, Endang : 2004,16)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Es
krim merupakan makanan dengan gizi tinggi. Hidangan yang sudah tersaji sejak
zaman Romawi atau 400 tahun SM itu ternyata mampu menyembuhkan influenza, serta
mengandung zat anti tumor. Pada tahun 1851 es krim dapat dikatakan jenis
hidangan paling populer di dunia. Pada tahun 2003, produksi es krim dunia mencapai
lebih dari satu miliar liter dan dikonsumsi oleh miliaran konsumen per tahun.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Es
krim adalah anggota kelompok hidangan beku yang memiliki tekstur semi padat,
Banyak fakta menyebutkan bahwa es krim merupakan salah satu makanan bernilai
gizi tinggi. Nilai gizi es krim sangat tergantung pada nilai gizi bahan
bakunya. Bahan-bahan yang digunakan dalam pembuatan es krim adalah lemak susu,
padatan susu tanpa lemak (skim), gula pasir, bahan penstabil, pengemulsi, dan
pencita rasa. Proses pembuatan es krim terdiri dari pencampuran bahan,
pasteurisasi, homogenasi, aging di dalam refrigerator, pembekuan sekaligus
pengadukan di dalam votator, dan terakhir adalah pengerasan (hardening) di
dalam freezer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di
balik kelembutan dan rasa manisnya, es krim terbukti memiliki beberapa fakta
gizi yang tak terduga. Keunggulan es krim didukung oleh bahan baku utamanya,
yaitu susu tanpa lemak dan lemak susu. Susu disebut sebagai makanan yang hampir
sempurna karena kandungan zat gizi yang lengkap. Para peneliti menemukan lebih
dari 100.000 jenis molekul yang terkandung di dalam susu, Selain air dan lemak,
molekul-molekul tersebut mencakup protein, karbohidrat, mineral, enzim-enzim,
gas, serta vitamin A, C dan D. Terdapat beberapa peneliti yang menyatakan bahwa
susu termasuk dalam golongan pangan fungsional.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebagian
besar komponen dalam susu telah diketahui fungsinya secara biologis bagi tubuh.
Komponen yang telah diketahui fungsinya adalah protein terutama dari bagian
whey, termasuk di dalamnya alfalaktalbumin, betaktoglobulin, imunoglobulin,
laktoferin, dan glikomakropeptida. Alfalaktalbumin berperan serta dalam
metabolisme karbohidrat. Enzim ini memiliki kemampuan berinteraksi dengan enzim
galaktotransferase. Fungsi enzim tersebut mentransportasikan galaktosa ke pool
glukosa. Beberapa penelitian membuktikan alfalaktalbumin sebagai zat antitumor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">E. Komposisi
Es Krim Dan Manfaatnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KOMPOSISI ES
KRIM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada
lima komponen penyusun es krim: Krim, Skim, Air, Gula dan Stabilizer. Kadar air
dalam es krim antara 60%-62%, jika air terlalu banyak maka es krim menjadi
kasar, jika air terlalu sedikit maka es krim akan menjadi terlalu padat. Untuk
bisa creamy, 60%-62% itu sudah ukuran yang teruji.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dengan
demikian maka kadar bahan kering adalah 38%-40%.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MANFAAT KRIM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Krim
adalah bagian yang paling banyak mengandung lemak pada susu. Panaskan susu sapi
sampai suhu pasteur (70C-80C), kemudian dinginkan agak lama sampai muncul
selaput yang makin lama makin tebal. Selaput inilah yang dinamakan krim, memang
cuma sedikit karena kadar krim dalam susu sapi hanya 3.5%. Fungsi dari krim ini
adalah memberikan aroma susu dan mencegah pembentukan kristal yang terlalu
besar. Pada hakekatnya krim adalah lemak, maka kita bisa menggunakan lemak
lain, umumnya adalah santan atau telur. Dengan konsekuensi akan berkurangnya/hilangnya
aroma susu diganti menjadi aroma santan atau aroma telur, bisa juga dicampurkan
ketiga lemak tersebut, sesuai selera. Tapi tidak semua lemak bisa dipakai untuk
es krim, mentega atau korvet akan membuat es krim ngendal, minyak kedelai tidak
ngendal tapi aroma es krim menjadi aneh. Jadi yang direkomendasikan adalah
lemak susu, lemak telur dan lemak santan. Kadar lemak dalam es krim adalah
8%-16%.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MANFAAT SKIM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setelah
susu sapi diambilnya krimnya, maka yang tersisa tinggal air dan bahan padatan
lain meliputi protein, karbohidrat dan mineral.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika
kadar air tersebut dihabiskan, maka yang tersisa itulah yang dinamakan skim.
Yaitu bahan padatan susu sapi tanpa lemak. Fungsi skim pada es krim adalah
sebagai tubuh yang membentuk tekstur. Membuat es krim tanpa skim hasilnya
seperti kocokan whipcream itu, memang lembut, tapi ringan. Sama dengan krim,
pada hakekatnya skim ini adalah bahan padatan yang terdiri dari protein,
karbohidrat dan mineral, jadi bisa diambilkan dari telur atau santan. Kadar
skim dalam es krim adalah sama dengan krim yaitu antara 8% sampai 16%.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MANFAAT GULA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gula
tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai pemberi rasa manis pada es krim, tapi juga
menurunkan titik beku adonan, sehingga adonan tidak terlalu cepat membeku saat
diproses. Ini penting agar udara yang masuk kedalam adonan bisa lebih banyak
sehingga tekstur menjadi lebih lembut. Kadar gula dalam es krim adalah 15%.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MANFAAT
STABILIZER<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adonan
es krim jika dibekukan tanpa stabilizer, maka molekul lemak dan molekul air
yang sebelumnya sudah tercampur rata akan memisah pelan-pelan. Membentuk
kelompok air dan kelompok lemak. Lemak menjadi keras sedangkan air menjadi
kristal. Stabilizer berfungsi untuk emulsi, yaitu membentuk selaput yang
berukuran mikro untuk mengikat molekul lemak, air dan udara. Dengan demikian
air tidak akan mengkristal, dan lemak tidak akan mengeras. Stabilizer juga
bersifat mengentalkan adonan, sehingga selaput2 tadi bisa stabil. Kadar
stabilizer dalam es krim adalah 0.3%.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">F. Alat
Pembuat Es Krim</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nancy
Johnson dari Philadelphia adalah orang yang pertama menciptakan alat pembuat es
krim. Alat yang ia ciptakan adalah ember dari kayu yang di dalamnya ada wadah
lebih kecil dari logam. Wadah logam ini dapat diputar dengan menggunakan pedal.
Ruang di antara wadah kecil dan ember kayu diisi dengan campuran es dan garam.
Pembuatan es krim sebenarnya sederhana saja, yakni mencampurkan bahan-bahan dan
kemudian mendinginkannya. Air murni pada tekanan 1 atmosfer akan membeku pada
suhu 00C. Namun, bila ke dalam air dilarutkan zat lain, titik beku air akan
menurun. Jadi, untuk membekukan adonan es krim pun memerlukan suhu di bawah
00C. Misalkan adonan es krim dimasukkan dalam wadah logam, kemudian di ruang
antara ember kayu dan wadah logam dimasukkan es.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Awalnya,
suhu es itu akan kurang dari 00C. Namun, permukaan es yang berkontak langsung
dengan udara akan segera naik suhunya mencapai 00C dan sebagiannya akan
mencair. Suhu campuran es dan air tadi akan tetap 00C selama esnya belum
semuanya mencair. Seperti disebut di atas, jelas campuran es krim tidak membeku
pada suhu 00C akibat sifat koligatif penurunan titik beku.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bila
ditaburkan sedikit garam ke campuran es dan air tadi, maka akan didapatkan hal
yang berbeda. Air lelehan es dengan segera akan melarutkan garam yang
ditaburkan. Dengan demikian, kristal es akan terapung di larutan garam. Karena
larutan garam akan mempunyai titik beku yang lebih rendah dari 00C, es akan
turun suhunya sampai titik beku air garam tercapai. Dengan kata lain, campuran
es krim tadi dikelilingi oleh larutan garam yang temperaturnya lebih rendah
dari 00C sehingga adonan es krim itu akan dapat membeku. Tetapi Kalau campuran
itu hanya dibiarkan saja mendingin tidak akan dihasilkan es krim, melainkan
gumpalan padat dan rapat berisi kristal-kristal es yang tidak akan enak kalau
dimakan. Bila diinginkan es krim yang enak di mulut, selama proses pembekuan
tadi adonan harus diguncang-guncang. Pengocokan atau pengadukan campuran selama
proses pembekuan merupakan kunci dalam pembuatan es krim yang baik. Proses
pengguncangan ini bertujuan ganda. Pertama, untuk mengecilkan ukuran kristal es
yang terbentuk; semakin kecil ukuran kristal esnya, semakin lembut es krim yang
terbentuk. Kedua, dengan proses ini akan terjadi pencampuran udara ke dalam
adonan es krim. Gelembung-gelembung udara yang tercampur ke dalam adonan inilah
yang menghasilkan busa yang seragam (homogen).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peran
emulsifier</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Metode
sederhana pengadukan dan pendinginan secara serempak ini ternyata menimbulkan
masalah lain. Krim pada dasarnya terdiri atas globula kecil lemak yang
tersuspensi dalam air. Globula-globula ini tidak saling bergabung sebab
masing-masing dikelilingi membran protein yang menarik air, dan airnya membuat
masing-masing globula tetap menjauh. Pengadukan akan merusak membran protein
yang membuat globula lemak tadi kemudian dapat saling mendekat. Akibatnya, krim
akan naik ke permukaan. Hal seperti ini diinginkan bila yang akan dibuat adalah
mentega atau minyak, tetapi jelas tidak diinginkan bila yang akan dibuat es
krim.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyelesaian
sederhananya adalah dengan menambahkan emulsifier pada campuran. Molekul
emulsifier akan menggantikan membran protein, satu ujung molekulnya akan
melarut di air, sedangkan ujung satunya akan melarut di lemak. Lecitin, molekul
yang terdapat dalam kuning telur, adalah contoh emulsifier sederhana. Oleh
karena itu, salah satu bahan pembuat es krim adalah kuning telur. Selain itu,
dapat digunakan mono- atau di-gliserida atau polisorbat yang dapat
mendispersikan globula lemak dengan lebih efektif.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">G. Kesimpulan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Sifat
koligatif larutan adalah sifat larutan yang hanya dipengaruhi oleh jumlah
partikel zat terlarut di dalam larutan, dan tidak dipengaruhi oleh sifat dari
zat terlarut.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Perbedaan
titik beku akibat adanya partikel-partikel zat terlarut disebut penurunan titik
beku (?Tf). Penurunan titik beku larutan sebanding dengan hasil kali molalitas
larutan dengan tetapan penurunan titik beku pelarut (Kf), dinyatakan dengan
persamaan :</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">?Tf = Kf m
atau ?Tf = Kf (n x 1000/p)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Book"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Temperatur
normal campuran es dan air adalah 00C. Akan tetapi itu tidak cukup dingin untuk
membekukan es krim. Temperatur yang diperlukan untuk membekukan es krim adalah
-3 oC atau lebih rendah. Untuk mencapai suhu tersebut perlu ditambahkan garam
dalam proses pembuatan es krim. Garam berfungsi menurunkan titik beku larutan.
Ketika es dicampur dengan garam, es mencair dan terlarut membentuk air garam
serta menurunkan temperaturnya. Proses ini memerlukan panas dari luar. Campuran
itu mendapatkan panas dari adonan es krim maka hasilnya adalah es krim padat
dan lezat seperti yang diinginkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03401517701179146602noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8888991230313040884.post-78818683043760862692012-08-15T06:11:00.000+07:002012-08-15T06:11:01.586+07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 9.2pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">RUMUS 16 TENSES BAHASA INGGRIS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">RUMUS 16 TENSES<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kata Kerja<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kata Kerja adalah bagian inti dari Tenses Bahasa
Inggris. Kata kerja atau Verb pada rumus-rumus Tenses di blog ini, Kata kerja
atau Verb ini sering saya singkat V saja. Jadi kalau V+ing artinya sama dengan
Verb+ing, sering juga saya tulis sebagai “Ving” saja agar mudah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris ada banyak bentuknya:
V1, V2, V3, Ving.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kata Kerja bentuk 1 atau saya singkat V1, yaitu kata
kerja dasar, seperti: drink, go, write, read, participate, learn, study, dan
sebagainya. Ada kata kerja bentuk ke 2, sering saya singkat V2. Kata kerja
bentuk 3 ya V3. Serta Kata Kerja bentuk ING atau saya singkat Ving. Bagaimana
cara menggunakan bentuk-bentuk kata kerja tersebut? Ada di masing-masing pelajaran
Tenses Bahasa Inggris.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Perubahan Bentuk Kata Kerja<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Perubahan bentuk Kata Kerja bentuk 1 (V1) ke bentuk
kedua (V2) dan bentuk ke 3 (V2) ada yang beraturan (ada rumusnya) dan ada juga
yang tidak beraturan (tidak ada rumusnya). Wah memamg inilah yang membuat
bahasa Inggris ini menjadi rumit bagi kita orang Indonesia, haha.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kata Kerja Beraturan (Regular Verb):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Artinya ya mempunyai keteraturan bentuknya, ada
rumusnya misalnya ditambah “D” atau “ED” seperti: live – lived – lived, play,
played, played.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Walaupun ada aturannya tetapi aturan perubahan
tersebut masih ada beberapa. Daftar kata kerja beraturan ini pun panjang
sekali. Saya sarankan Anda mempunyai buku Grammar Bahasa Inggris walaupun yang
kecil dan sederhana, biasanya ada di sana. Memang Anda mau menulsinya disini
satu per satu?.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kata Kerja TIDAK Beraturan (Irregular Verb):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Misalnya kata kerja “drink” berturut-turut untuk
bentuk ke 1 sampai 3: drink-drank-drunk. Satu contoh lain lagi:
break-broke-broken<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Masih ingat V1, V2, V3 dan Ving? Jangan lupa apa itu
artinya ya, karena akan sering dipergunakan dalam setiap tenses bahasa
inggris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <b>Present Tense (Waktu
Sekarang)</b><span style="background: #F2F2F2;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">a.</span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"> Simple Present Tense (Waktu
Sekarang Sederhana)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">+ } S + V1 + O/C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Example :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">+ } Sisca Reads book everyday<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">- } Sisca does not Read book everyday<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">? } does Sisca Read book everyday<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Yes He does / No He does not (doesn’t)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">For I, We, You, They = do<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">He, She, It = Does<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh kalimat :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) She is a new people here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) He plays football every morning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) She isn’t a new people here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) He does not playing football every morning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Is she a new people here?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) How playing football every morning?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">b.
Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yabg sedang
berlangsungpada waktu sekarang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">+ } S + Be + V1 + ing +
O/C
>> + } They
are playing badmintoon now<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">- } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C
>> – } They
are not playing badmintoon now<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C
>> ? } Are
they palaying badmintoon now ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Yes They are / no they are not<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">For I = am<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">They, we, you = are<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">He, She, It = Is<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh dalam kalimat :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) He is playing badminton now<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Is he playing badminton now.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">c.
Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">subject+auxiliary verb+main verb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) you have eaten mine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) she has not been to Rome<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) have you finished?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">d.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1pt; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 8pt; padding-left: 17pt; padding-right: 17pt; padding-top: 8pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+):
S + have/has + been + Ving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-):
S + have/has + not + been + Ving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?):
Have/has + S + been + Ving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) We have been riding a horse for three days<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three days.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Has she been going to Malang ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">a.
Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Example :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">+} We were at school yesterday<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">-} We were not at school yesterday<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">?} were we at school yesterday ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">For I, He, She, It = Was<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">They, we, you = were<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) I saw a good film last night<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) He came here last month<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) I saw not a good film last night<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) He came not last month<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Saw I a good film last night<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Came He here last month<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">b.
Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1pt; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 8pt; padding-left: 17pt; padding-right: 17pt; padding-top: 8pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+):
S + was/were + Ving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-):
S + was/were + NOT + Ving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?):
Was/Were + S + Ving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) He was watching television all afternoon last week<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) They were talking about sport when I met him<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) He wasn’t watching television all afternoon last
week<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">c.
Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1pt; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 8pt; padding-left: 17pt; padding-right: 17pt; padding-top: 8pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+):
S + had + V3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-):
S + had + not + V3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?):
Had + S + V3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor
cycle<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) The ship had left before I arrived<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my
motor cycle<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">d.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main
verb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) They had been living there for two month<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) When they washed my drees , your father had been
playing badminton<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) They hadn’t been living there for two month<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) When they washed my dress , your father hadn’t
been playing badminton<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Had they been living there for two month?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) When they washed my dress , had your father been
playing badminton ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
Future Tense (Akan Datang)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">a.
Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) he will met girl friend by seven o’clock<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Will he go to America next month?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) President shall at Nederland the day after
tomorrow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) President shall not at Nederland the day after
tomorrow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after
tomorrow?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">b.
Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main
verb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) I will be writing a comic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) I will be studying tomorrow night.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) I will not writing a comic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Will I be writing a comic ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">c.
Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main
verb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) Iwill havefinishedby 10am.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) Youwill haveforgottenme by then.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) Shewillnothavegoneto school.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) Wewillnothaveleft.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Willyou havearrived?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Willthey havereceivedit?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">d.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb
HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) I will have been reading a news paper.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) He will have been listening music.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) I will haven’t been reading a news paper.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) He will haven’t listening a music.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Will He have listening a music ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">4.
Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">a.
Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Positif: S + would + V1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Negatif: S + would + not + V1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tanya: Would + S + V1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) He would come if you invited him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) They would buy a home the previous day.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) He wouldn’t come if invited him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Would He come if invited him ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">b.
Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1pt; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 8pt; padding-left: 17pt; padding-right: 17pt; padding-top: 8pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Positif:
S + would + be + Ving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Negatif:
S + would + not + be + Ving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tanya:
Would + S + be + Ving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) I should be swimming at this time the following
day.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) I shall be sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) I shouldn’t be swimming at this time the following
day.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) I shalln’t be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day
?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Shall I be sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">c.
Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1pt; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 8pt; padding-left: 17pt; padding-right: 17pt; padding-top: 8pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Positif:
S + would + have + V3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Negatif:
S + would + not + have + V3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tanya:
Would + S + have + V3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end of this
week.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his darling<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) Nonok will have not studied month by the end of
this week<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Will Nonok have studied month by the end of this
week ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">d.
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense</span></b><span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu
Lampau)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1pt; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 8pt; padding-left: 17pt; padding-right: 17pt; padding-top: 8pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Positif:
S + would + have + been + Ving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Negatif:
S + would + not + have + been + Ving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tanya:
Would + S + have + been + Ving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rianawati would have been speaking English for two
years<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for
seventeen years<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(+) Rianawati would have been speaking English for two
years<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking here
for seventeen year<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(-) Rianawati wouldn’t have been speaking English for
two years<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for
seventeen years?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: #F2F2F2; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;">(?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two
years?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: 800;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">Cara mudah menghafal
:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="background: #EEEEEE; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">i do it</span></span><span style="background: #EEEEEE; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">i am doing it</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">i have done it</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">i have been doing it</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">i did it</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">i was doing it</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">i had done it</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">i had been doing it</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">i will do it</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">i will be doing it</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">i will have done it</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">i will have been doing it</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">i would do it</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">i would be doing it</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">i would have done it</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">i would have been doing it</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03401517701179146602noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8888991230313040884.post-29891149421280747982012-08-15T06:08:00.002+07:002012-08-15T06:08:15.989+07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">kegunaan sifat koligatif dalam kehidupan sehari-hari :</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Banyak sekali manfaat mempelajari sifat koligatif larutan ini, terutama untuk mempelajari sifat – sifat dari suatu larutan yang merupakan campuran beberapa larutan yang homogen (contoh air + gula). Hal ini karena sifat koligatif larutan tidak bergantung pada jumlah zat yang bereaksi, melainkan bergantung pada konsentrasi zat yang bereaksi. Beberapa sifat koligatif larutan antara lain :<br />1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Penurunan tekanan uap<br />Molekul - molekul zat cair yang meninggalkan permukaan menyebabkan adanya tekanan uap zat cair. Semakin mudah molekul - molekul zat cair berubah menjadi uap, makin tinggi pula tekanan uapzat cair. Apabila tekanan zat cair tersebut dilarutkan oleh zat terlarut yang tidak menguap, maka partikel - partikel zat terlarut ini akan mengurangi penguapan molekul - molekul zat cair. Laut mati adalah contoh dari terjadinya penurunan tekanan uap pelarut oleh zat terlarut yang tidak mudah menguap Air berkadar garam sangat tinggi ini terletak di daerah gurun yang sangat panas dan kering, serta tidak berhubungan dengan laut bebas, sehingga konsentrasi zat terlarutnya semakin tinggi.<br />2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Kenaikan Titik Didih</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Titik didih zat cair adalah suhu tetap pada saat zat cair mendidih. Pada suhu ini, tekanan uap zat cair sama dengan tekanan udara di sekitarnya. Hal ini menyebabkan terjadinya penguapan di seluruh bagian zat cair. Titik didih zat cair diukur pada tekanan 1 atmosfer. Dari hasil penelitian, ternyata titik didih larutan selalu lebih tinggi dari titik didih pelarut murninya. Hal ini disebabkan adanya partikel - partikel zat terlarut dalam suatu larutan menghalangi peristiwa penguapan partikel - partikel pelarut. Oleh karena itu, penguapan partikel - partikel pelarut membutuhkan energi yang lebih besar. Perbedaan titik didih larutan dengan titik didih pelarut murni di sebut kenaikan titik didih yang dinyatakan dengan<br />3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Penurunan titik beku<br />Adanya zat terlarut dalam larutan akan mengakibatkan titik beku larutan lebih kecil daripada titik beku pelarutnya.<br />4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Tekanan osmotic<br />Tekanan osmotik adalah gaya yang diperlukan untuk mengimbangi desakan zat pelarut yang melalui selaput semipermiabel ke dalam larutan. Membran semipermeabel adalah suatu selaput yang dapat dilalui molekul - molekul pelarut dan tidak dapat dilalui oleh zat terlarut.<br />danya zat terlarut dalam larutan akan mengakibatkan titik beku larutan lebih kecil daripada titik beku pelarutnya</span></h3>
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</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
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<img src="http://ibnu68.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/sendbinaryadasp1.jpg" /><img src="http://poexpoe.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/fresh-kopi.jpg" /></div>
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<img src="http://www.chem-is-try.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/gambaran-penurunan.jpg" /> </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03401517701179146602noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8888991230313040884.post-35394500177107973432012-08-15T06:05:00.001+07:002012-08-15T06:05:02.739+07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Makna dari sebuah pemandangan adalah anugrah dari Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa.</div>
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Indahnya sangat memukau dan membuat kehidupan bertambah lengkap </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03401517701179146602noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8888991230313040884.post-33518411945677217772012-02-11T15:58:00.003+07:002012-02-11T15:58:40.163+07:00bleach<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<a name='more'></a><a href="file:///E:/daus%20gitu/Bleach%20359.mkv">file:///E:/daus%20gitu/Bleach%20359.mkv</a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03401517701179146602noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8888991230313040884.post-72937375509239921982012-02-08T14:00:00.002+07:002012-02-08T14:00:48.636+07:00phanthoensssss<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="date-header" style="color: #f1c232;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Selasa, 07 Februari 2012</span></span></b></h2>
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #f1c232;">
</span></span></b>
<div class="post-outer" style="color: #f1c232;">
<div class="post hentry">
<b>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="" name="2339805848916244217"></a></span></b>
<div class="post-header">
</div>
<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-2339805848916244217">
<b><span style="font-size: small;">
jalan-jalan ke kota paris<br />
banyak rumah berbaris-baris<br />
biar mati diujung keris<br />
asal dapat dinda yang manis… <br />
ke cimanggis membeli kopiah<br />
kopiah indah kan kau dapati<br />
begitu banyak gadis yang singgah<br />
hanya dinda yang memikat hati<br />
jika aku seorang pemburu<br />
anak rusa kan kudapati<br />
jika dinda merasa cemburu<br />
tanda cinta masih sejati<br />
darimana datangnya sawah<br />
dari sawah turun ke kali<br />
darimana datangnya cinta<br />
dari mata turun ke hati<br />
============================<br />
Bau-bau jembatan tujuh,,<br />
tempat memungut sebuah lolah,,<br />
kalau adinda udah setujuh,,<br />
tunggulah saya tamat sekolah,,<br />
Pisang nangka buat kolak<br />
Jambu biji diblendrin<br />
Kalo nona tetep galak,<br />
Lebaran depan ga dimaapin<br />
menaiki kereta merknya honda<br />
pergi selayang kerumah hanapi<br />
bila cinta mekar di dada<br />
siang terkenang malam termimpi<br />
anak unta siapa yg punya<br />
menangis iba kehilangan ibu<br />
bila cinta sudah menyapa<br />
rindu mulai membara dikalbu<br />
mulanya duka kini menjadi lara<br />
teman tiada hanyalah sendu<br />
bila rindu mulai membara<br />
itulah tanda cinta berpadu<br />
hati berdetik dalam cahaya,<br />
seperti belati menikam dada<br />
Cinta abadi kekal selamanya<br />
Musim berganti tapi wajah takkan lupa<br />
cinta datang tak berwaktu<br />
perasaan senang,sedih dan pilu tak menentu<br />
semua hadir tanpa permisi<br />
untuk mencoba mengisi hati<br />
hati-hati minum digelas<br />
kalau terlepas pecahlah nanti<br />
cinta hati selalunya ikhlas<br />
cinta buta yang makan hati<br />
cinta tak memandang bulu<br />
cinta juga tak mengenal waktu<br />
rasakan cinta dihatimu<br />
betapa indah mengikis kalbu<br />
bila terluka berkata begitu<br />
hingga terlupa cinta yang suci<br />
cinta manusia memanglah begitu<br />
cinta padaNYA cinta yang sejati<br />
terluka hati karna kata udah biasa<br />
namun terluka karna usia sungguh asa<br />
bila kata dianggap tak bermakna<br />
tapi usia adalah segalanya<br />
Untuk menjadi seorang perwira<br />
Harus bertapa di dalam gua<br />
Kalau cinta kukuh di jiwa<br />
Biar melayang kembali jua<br />
papua tanah impian jiwa<br />
kubermimpi melayang terbang kesana<br />
teman sehati selalu bersua<br />
karena tak bisa terpisahkan begitu saja<br />
panah cinta tlah menancap…<br />
kedua hati pun menyatu…<br />
asmara semakin mendekap…<br />
cinta takkan berlalu…<br />
anak ayam turun ke kali<br />
bermain air riang gembira<br />
betapa senangnya bisa ngejunk lagi<br />
memburu kata mengejar tawa<br />
minum arak pahit rasanya…<br />
tidak cocok untuk anak kuliah…<br />
apalah daya sudah usaha…<br />
belum apa-apa sudah binasah…<br />
sunggulah indah si burung pipit<br />
terbang yang tenang si burung dara<br />
bila ku tahu bercinta sakit<br />
takkan ku mulai dari semula<br />
orang palembang menanam padi<br />
negeri malaka negeri seberang<br />
putus cinta jangan bersedih<br />
dunia ini masih panjang<br />
burung kakatua<br />
hinggap dijendela<br />
siapa yang jatuh cinta<br />
pasti cemburu buta<br />
Burung kakak tua udah tak berdaya<br />
Burung adik muda terbang ke angkasa<br />
Makasi kakek telah berjuang bela negara<br />
Sekarang adek bahagia di hari MERDEKA<br />
kucing kurus mandi dipapan<br />
papan nya sikayu jati<br />
aku kurus bukan karena kurang makan<br />
tetapi mikirin sijantung hati<br />
disana gunung disini gunung<br />
ditengah tengah gunung berapi<br />
kesana bingung kesini bingung<br />
itulah namanya jatuh hati<br />
=====================================<br />
kumpulan pantun cinta – pantun humor – pantun lucu – sms pantun – pantun aneh – pantun gaul – pantun jayus – pantun gombal<br />
——————————————————-<br />
cinta adalah buta…<br />
buta adalah cinta…<br />
ketik C spasi D…<br />
cape D…<br />
(Ket: pantun gaya baru,pola AABB)<br />
===================================<br />
Banyak bunga di taman cuma satu kupetik<br />
Banyak anak perawan cuma Adik yang cantik<br />
=======================<br />
Pria:<br />
Banyak bunga di taman cuma satu kupetik<br />
Banyak anak perawan cuma Adik yang cantik<br />
Wanita:<br />
Banyak buah semangka dibawa dalam sampan<br />
Banyak anak jejaka cuma Abang yang tampan<br />
Pria:<br />
Berjuta bintang di langit<br />
Satu yang bercahaya<br />
Berjuta gadis yang cantik<br />
Adiklah yang kucinta<br />
Wanita:<br />
Pandai Abang merayu, hatiku rasa malu<br />
Pria:<br />
Rumah atapnya tinggi terbuat dari bambu<br />
Cuma Adik kupilih dan yang selalu kurindu<br />
Wanita:<br />
Gunung puncaknya tinggi tertutup oleh salju<br />
Memang Abang kupilih dan yang selalu kurindu<br />
=============================<br />
Jika tuan mudik ke hulu<br />
Carikan saya bunga kemboja.<br />
Jika tuan mati dahulu<br />
Nantikan saya di pintu surga.<br />
===============================<br />
Batang buluh berisi santan,<br />
Bunga mawar seri pengantin,<br />
Untung sungguh nasib badan,<br />
Ada penawar zahir batin.<br />
=============================<br />
rancak gagah silat pahlawan<br />
bertahan di kanan menyerang di kiri<br />
tatkala bulan dilindung awan
</span></b>
</div>
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<div class="post-footer-line post-footer-line-1">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="post-author vcard">
Diposkan oleh
<span class="fn">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/profile/17224295315014539546" rel="author" title="author profile">
muhammad nur irkhamudin
</a>
</span>
</span><span class="post-timestamp">
di
<a class="timestamp-link" href="http://irkhamudin.blogspot.com/2012/02/jalan-jalan-ke-kota-paris-banyak-rumah.html" rel="bookmark" title="permanent link"><abbr class="published" title="2012-02-07T21:28:00-08:00">21:28</abbr></a>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #f1c232;">
</span><a href="" name="6065724477633517946" style="color: #f1c232;"></a></span></b>
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="color: #f1c232;">
<b>
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://irkhamudin.blogspot.com/2012/02/pantun.html">pantun</a></span>
</b></h3>
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #f1c232;">
</span></span></b><div class="post-header" style="color: #f1c232;">
</div>
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #f1c232;">
jalan-jalan ke kota paris</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
banyak rumah berbaris-baris</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
biar mati diujung keris</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
asal dapat dinda yang manis… ke cimanggis membeli kopiah</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
kopiah indah kan kau dapati</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
begitu banyak gadis yang singgah</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
hanya dinda yang memikat hati</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
jika aku seorang pemburu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
anak rusa kan kudapati</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
jika dinda merasa cemburu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
tanda cinta masih sejati</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
darimana datangnya sawah</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
dari sawah turun ke kali</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
darimana datangnya cinta</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
dari mata turun ke hati</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
============================</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Bau-bau jembatan tujuh,,</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
tempat memungut sebuah lolah,,</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
kalau adinda udah setujuh,,</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
tunggulah saya tamat sekolah,,</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Pisang nangka buat kolak</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Jambu biji diblendrin</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Kalo nona tetep galak,</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Lebaran depan ga dimaapin</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
menaiki kereta merknya honda</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
pergi selayang kerumah hanapi</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
bila cinta mekar di dada</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
siang terkenang malam termimpi</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
anak unta siapa yg punya</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
menangis iba kehilangan ibu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
bila cinta sudah menyapa</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
rindu mulai membara dikalbu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
mulanya duka kini menjadi lara</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
teman tiada hanyalah sendu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
bila rindu mulai membara</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
itulah tanda cinta berpadu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
hati berdetik dalam cahaya,</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
seperti belati menikam dada</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Cinta abadi kekal selamanya</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Musim berganti tapi wajah takkan lupa</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
cinta datang tak berwaktu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
perasaan senang,sedih dan pilu tak menentu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
semua hadir tanpa permisi</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
untuk mencoba mengisi hati</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
hati-hati minum digelas</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
kalau terlepas pecahlah nanti</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
cinta hati selalunya ikhlas</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
cinta buta yang makan hati</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
cinta tak memandang bulu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
cinta juga tak mengenal waktu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
rasakan cinta dihatimu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
betapa indah mengikis kalbu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
bila terluka berkata begitu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
hingga terlupa cinta yang suci</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
cinta manusia memanglah begitu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
cinta padaNYA cinta yang sejati</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
terluka hati karna kata udah biasa</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
namun terluka karna usia sungguh asa</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
bila kata dianggap tak bermakna</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
tapi usia adalah segalanya</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Untuk menjadi seorang perwira</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Harus bertapa di dalam gua</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Kalau cinta kukuh di jiwa</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Biar melayang kembali jua</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
papua tanah impian jiwa</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
kubermimpi melayang terbang kesana</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
teman sehati selalu bersua</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
karena tak bisa terpisahkan begitu saja</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
panah cinta tlah menancap…</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
kedua hati pun menyatu…</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
asmara semakin mendekap…</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
cinta takkan berlalu…</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
anak ayam turun ke kali</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
bermain air riang gembira</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
betapa senangnya bisa ngejunk lagi</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
memburu kata mengejar tawa</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
minum arak pahit rasanya…</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
tidak cocok untuk anak kuliah…</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
apalah daya sudah usaha…</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
belum apa-apa sudah binasah…</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
sunggulah indah si burung pipit</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
terbang yang tenang si burung dara</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
bila ku tahu bercinta sakit</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
takkan ku mulai dari semula</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
orang palembang menanam padi</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
negeri malaka negeri seberang</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
putus cinta jangan bersedih</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
dunia ini masih panjang</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
burung kakatua</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
hinggap dijendela</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
siapa yang jatuh cinta</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
pasti cemburu buta</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Burung kakak tua udah tak berdaya</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Burung adik muda terbang ke angkasa</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Makasi kakek telah berjuang bela negara</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Sekarang adek bahagia di hari MERDEKA</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
kucing kurus mandi dipapan</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
papan nya sikayu jati</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
aku kurus bukan karena kurang makan</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
tetapi mikirin sijantung hati</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
disana gunung disini gunung</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
ditengah tengah gunung berapi</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
kesana bingung kesini bingung</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
itulah namanya jatuh hati</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
=====================================</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
kumpulan pantun cinta – pantun humor – pantun lucu – sms pantun – pantun aneh – pantun gaul – pantun jayus – pantun gombal</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
——————————————————-</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
cinta adalah buta…</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
buta adalah cinta…</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
ketik C spasi D…</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
cape D…</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
(Ket: pantun gaya baru,pola AABB)</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
===================================</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Banyak bunga di taman cuma satu kupetik</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Banyak anak perawan cuma Adik yang cantik</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
=======================</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Pria:</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Banyak bunga di taman cuma satu kupetik</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Banyak anak perawan cuma Adik yang cantik</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Wanita:</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Banyak buah semangka dibawa dalam sampan</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Banyak anak jejaka cuma Abang yang tampan</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Pria:</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Berjuta bintang di langit</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Satu yang bercahaya</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Berjuta gadis yang cantik</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Adiklah yang kucinta</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Wanita:</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Pandai Abang merayu, hatiku rasa malu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Pria:</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Rumah atapnya tinggi terbuat dari bambu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Cuma Adik kupilih dan yang selalu kurindu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Wanita:</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Gunung puncaknya tinggi tertutup oleh salju</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Memang Abang kupilih dan yang selalu kurindu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
=============================</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Jika tuan mudik ke hulu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Carikan saya bunga kemboja.</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Jika tuan mati dahulu</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Nantikan saya di pintu surga.</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
===============================</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Batang buluh berisi santan,</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Bunga mawar seri pengantin,</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Untung sungguh nasib badan,</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
Ada penawar zahir batin.</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
=============================</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
rancak gagah silat pahlawan</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
bertahan di kanan menyerang di kiri</span><br style="color: #f1c232;" /><span style="color: #f1c232;">
tatkala bulan dilindung awan</span></span></b></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03401517701179146602noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8888991230313040884.post-26224530295244314222012-01-28T20:12:00.000+07:002012-01-28T20:12:33.613+07:00Berbagai manfaat dari tumbuhan Sirsak<a name='more'></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 13px;"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mungkin selama ini banyak orang yang memanfaatkan sirsak hanya dimakan daging buahnya saja. Dan luput dari pemikiran mereka bahwa ternyata daun buah sirsak juga mempunyai khasiat yang tak kalah hebatnya.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bahkan ada sebuah sumber yang mengatakan khasiat daun sirsak Lebih Kuat 10.000 Kali Daripada Kemoterapi. Ini adalah berkaitan dengan pengobatan kanker. Pengertian kemoterapi sendiri merupakan penggunaan obat-obatan zat kimia untuk memperlambat penyebaran atau bahkan membunuh sel kanker.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Untuk pencegahan kanker, disarankan makan atau minum jus buah sirsak</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sedangkan untuk penyembuhan, bisa dengan merebus 10 buah daun sirsak yang sudah tua (warna hijau tua) ke dalam 3 gelas air dan direbus terus hingga menguap dan air tinggal 1 gelas saja. Air yang tinggal 1 gelas dimimumkan ke penderita setiap hari 2 kali.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mengenai petanyaan, apakah sudah ada penelitian ilmiah yang membuktikan akan kebenaran daun sirsak sebagai obat kanker mari kita cari sumbernya.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ternyata, Menurut peneliti di Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center Universitas Gadjah Mada (CCRC–UGM), Nur Qumara Fitriyah, riset McLaughlin menunjukkan dengan dosis kecil saja, daun sirsak efektif memberangus sel kanker. Berdasarkan riset McLaughlin ED50 ekstrak kasar daun sirsak < 20 µg/ml, sedangkan ED50 senyawa murni cuma < 4 µg/ml. Artinya dengan dosis rebusan 10 – 15 daun sirsak masih aman dikonsumsi.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sumber lainnya, The Journal of Natural Product membeberkan riset Rieser MJ, Fang XP, dan McLaughlin, peneliti di AgrEvo Research Center, Carolina Utara, Amerika Serikat, bahwa daun sirsak membunuh sel-sel kanker usus besar hingga 10.000 kali lebih kuat dibanding adriamycin dan kemoterapi.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Menurut Ervizal AM Zuhud (kepala Bagian Konservasi dan Keanekaragaman Tanaman, Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor) penelitian sirsak sempat ditutupi-tutupi selama 10 tahun karena ‘mengancam’ kelangsungan hidup kemoterapi dan industri kimia. Apalagi harga sirsak murah. Hasil penelitian itu, ‘Baru tersebar setelah keluarga dari seorang peneliti mengidap kanker dan mempublikasikan di dunia maya.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ternyata, dari daun satu macam tanaman terkandung manfaat luar biasa untuk pengobatan yang kalau dilakukan murni secara medis dengan bantuan obat kimia menghabiskan biaya cukup besar. Mungkin bagi anda yang keluarga, tetangga, atau temannya ada yang mengidap kanker informasi ini bisa disebarkan karena mungkin akan bermanfaat bagi ikhtiar mereka dalam mencari kesembuhan dari penyakitnya.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sekian pembahasan mengenai <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Manfaat Daun Sirsak</strong> Untuk Pengobatan Kanker yang dapat saya uraikan. Untuk kurang lebihnya mohon dimaklumi dan diharapkan masukannya. Terima kasih telah mampir ke blog ini. Salam.</div></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03401517701179146602noreply@blogger.com0